Apparatus for evaluating the output of machines for the production and/or processing of smokers products

ABSTRACT

The output of a single machine or a group of cooperating machines for the production and/or processing of smokers&#39;&#39; products is monitored by signal generating devices which determine the number of satisfactory and unsatisfactory products produced within a given period of time. The signals which are generated by such devices are fed into a system of calculating circuits which carry out automatic computing operations and feed information to recording devices which record the actual output at any particular stage of operation, the potential output within a given period of time, the output of satisfactory and unsatisfactory products and/or other data which can be evaluated to gain information concerning all phases of the output or lack of output and the probable cause or causes of unsatisfactory output.

United States Patent 1 1 Lorenzen 1 1March 13, 1973 1 1 APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING THE 3,596,065 7 1971 Lazarchick, Jr. etal.4....235/150.3 x OUTPUT ()F MACHINES FOR THE 3,342,981 9/1967 Laishley ..235/92 QC PRODUCTION AND/0R PROCESSING 3,468,205 9/1969 Korber... ....318/305 X (W SMOKERS PRODUCTS 313311;? 1351338 215;515:111 iii'silzflbii [75] Inventor: Heinz-Christen Lorenzen, Hamburg, 3,590,550 7/1971 Gianese ..53/78 X Germany 73 Assignee: Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. KG, f

Hambur edorf German AssrstantExammer-Jerry Smith g g y Attorney-Michael S. Striker [22] Filed: April 7, 1971 21 Appl. No.: 131,960 [57] ABSTRACT The output of a single machine or a group of [30] Foreign Application Priority Data cooperating machines for the production and/or I processing of smokers products is monitored by signal April 16, Germany generating devices determine the number of satisfactory and unsatisfactory products produced [52] CL ll/21 235/92 within a given period of time. The signals which are l 5 l generated by such devices are fed into a system of cala 15/36 A24: 5/34 culating circuits which carry out automatic computing 1 ;g g %3 2 fi g' g 'g operations and feed information to recording devices l78 180" 3 6 R 1 A which record the actual output at any particular stage 25 26; of operation, the potential output within a given 7 period of time, the output of satisfactory and un- References Cited satisfactory products and/or other data which can be evaluated to gain information concerning all phases of UNITED STATES PATENTS the output or lack of output and the probable cause or 3 412 856 H968 E 131/21 R X causes of unsatisfactory output.

, senwein 26 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures PATEHTFUHARI 3M5 ShEU 2 or s HTTURNEY PATEHTEUHAR] aim SHEET 3 [IF 6 HTTORNKV PATENTEUHAM 31975 3 15 SHEET u UF 6 HTTORNFV APPARATUS FOR EVALUATING TIIE OUTPUT OF MACHINES FOR THE PRODUCTION AND/OR PROCESSING OF SMOKERS PRODUCTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating the output of machines which are utilized in the production and/or processing of smokers products, such as plain or filter-tipped cigars, cigarillos or cigarettes. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating the actual or potential output of a single machine or a group of two or more machines which are employed for the production and/or processing of starting, intermediate and/or final smokers products. Still more particularly, the invention relates to automatic method and apparatus for evaluating the actual or potential output of machines for the production of rods which contain fillers consisting of tobacco and/or filter material, of machines, for packing rod-shaped tobacco-containing products, of machines for shaping the ends of cigars or cigarillos, of machines for shaping the ends of cigars or cigarillos, ofmachines for cutting and other treatment of tobacco or filter. material, of machines for transporting tobacco, filter material or rod-shaped articles containing tobacco and/or filter material, and/or of production lines consisting of groups of two or more directly or indirectly coupled producing or processing machines.

Tobacco processing plants employ increasing numbers of mass-producing machines which are not only very expensivebut also require extensive maintenance. In many instances, a single mass-producing machine replaces a battery of two, three or more conventional machines; therefore, improper operation, repeated repairs and even short periods of idleness of a highspeed machine (such as a tobacco rod making or filter rod making machine, a filter tipping machine or a packing machine) result in extremely high losses in output. Thus, it is desirable to insure that the periods of idleness, low-speed operation and/or faulty operation of such modern machines (which can turn out up to 70 rod-shaped articles per second) be reduced to a minimum. A prerequisite for such mode of operation is accurate monitoring of the output, either continuously or at desired intervals, as well as proper evaluation of the results of the monitoring operation. It is desirable to carry out the monitoring operation in a fully automatic way, i.e., without relying on the experience, skill and carefulness of attendants, to thus insure that the results of the monitoring operation are truly indicative of the output or lack of output. As a rule, the output is a function of the condition of an automatic machine, and the condition of the machine is dependent on the skill, diligence, alertness and conscientiousness of attendants. Therefore, the monitoring operation should, whenever possible, be carried out in such a way (automatically) that the monitoring apparatus cannot be tampered with for the purpose of concealing reduced output and its causes if they are attributable to the persons in charge.

Monitoring of the output of mass-producing machines for the manufacture of smokers products is desirable for many-reasons. Thus, if a reduction in output is detected without delay, the cause can be determined and eliminated before the machine turns out a substantial number of defective products or prior to complete breakdown of one or more units. Also, if the manufacturer must fulfill a certain quota within a given period of time, rapid detection of reduced output of a given machine or group of machines enables the personnel to set up and start a spare machine or a group of spare machines to thus insure that the desired number of smokers products will be produced on schedule.

It is already, known to automatically count the number of satisfactory and unsatisfactory products which issue from a machine for the production of plain or filter-tipped tobacco-containing articles. Such method of monitoring is not satisfactory because it.

does not furnish enough information concerning all factors which affect the. output: For example, such counting operations cannot be relied upon to calculate in advance the probable orpotential output within a given period of time, e.g., within an 8-hour shift or within a 24-hour period.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to. provide a novel and improved method of automatically evaluating the actual and/or potential output of 'one or more machines for the production and/or processing of smokers products.

Another object of the invention is to provide. a method which renders it possible to determine, with a satisfactory degree of accuracy and eithercontinuously or at desired intervals, whether or not one or more machines for the production and/or processing of smokers products will fulfilltheir quota on-schedule to thus enable the persons in charge to set up additional machinery in order to fulfill the quotain the eventiof partial or complete breakdown of the. monitored machine ormachines.

A further object of the invention is to provide a method of evaluating the output of one or more machines of the above outlined character in such a way that the results of evaluating operation can be relied upon to insure rapid detection of causes of malfunctioning.

An additional object of the invention is to provide an evaluating apparatus which can be installed in or combined with one or more existing machines for the production and/or processing of smokers products.

Still another object of the invention isto provide an automatic apparatus which can evaluate the outputof satisfactory and/or unsatisfactory smokers productsand which is capable of furnishing the desired information either continuously or at desired intervals.

Another object of the invention is to provide an evaluating apparatus which is capable of furnishing permanent records of the results of evaluating operation in such form that the records can be examined on the spot to insure that the causes of reduced outputcan be detected and eliminated with a minimum of-delay.

A further object of the invention is to provide the Y The method of the present invention is utilized to evaluate the actual or potential output of one or more machines which are employed for the production and/or processing of satisfactory and unsatisfactory smokers products and which are operated at a plurality of speeds including zero speed to complete a series of working cycles within intervals whose length is a function of the operating speed. The method comprises a first step of producing at least one first signal which is function of the operating speed of at least one machine during successive portions of a given period (e.g., an 8- hour shift), a second step of producing at least one second signal which is a function of the maximum operating speed of such machine or machines, and a further step of utilizing the signals for at least one computing operation, for example, to automatically calculate the ratio of first signals to second signals.

A first signal can be indicative of the average length of intervals which are required for completion of working cycles, of the number of satisfactory products, of the number of unsatisfactory products, of the number of completed working cycles, of the number of working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products, and/or of the number of working cycles which resulted in the production unsatisfactory products.

The computing operation may include automatically calculating the ratio of the number of unsatisfactory products to the number of satisfactory products within a given period, the ratio of the number of satisfactory or unsatisfactory products to the number of completed working cycles or to the number of theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles within a given period, or the ratio of the number of completed working cycles to the theoretically achievable working cycles within such period. The results of the computing operation can be multiplied with a factor which is indicative of the total number of theoretically achievable working cycles within a shift or another fixed period or with a factor which is indicative of the empirically determined or arbitrarily selected average efficiency of the machine or machines.

The result of each computing operation is preferably recorded in a fully automatic way to permit immediate evaluation at the location where the machine or machines are in use or an evaluation at a later time.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The improved evaluating apparatus itself, however, both as to its construction and its mode of operation, together with additional features and advantages thereof, will be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of certain specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a production line consisting of two directly coupled machines for the production of filter cigarettes and of an evaluating apparatus which monitors and records the output of the production line and its machines;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational view of one of the two machines which form, the production line of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a detail in the machine of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged elevational view of the other of the two machines which form the production line of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a detail in the machine of FIG. 2, showing a signal generating device which counts the number of defective products;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a detail in the machine of FIG. 4, showing a signal generating device which counts the number of unsatisfactory products;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a detail in the machine of FIG. 4, showing a signal generating device which counts the number of satisfactory products;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of an automatic packing machine for cigarettes or the like, further showing an apparatus which monitors the output of the packing machine; and

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a detail in the machine of FIG. 8, showing a signal generating device which counts the number of satisfactory packs.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown a production line which consists of a group of two directly coupled machines, namely, a cigarette rod making machine ZM and a filter cigarette making machine FA. The main outlet AGZ of the machine ZM discharges satisfactory plain cigarettes ZP (see FIG. 5) into the machine FA, and the latter has a main outlet AGF for satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF (see FIG. 7). The machine ZM has at least one secondary or auxiliary outlet ASZ for evacuation of unsatisfactory (defective) cigarettes and the machine FA has at least one secondary or auxiliary outlet ASF for evacuation of defective or unsatisfactory filter cigarettes.

The structure of FIG. 1 further comprises signal generating devices or detectors MSZ, MSF, MGF which are respectively adjacent to the outlets ASZ, ASF, AGF and the details of which are respectively shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. the detectors M82 and MSF are respectively designed to produce signals in response to detection of defective plain cigarettes ZP' (FIG. 5) and defective filter cigarettes ZF' (FIG. 6). The detector MGF produces signals in response to detection of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF. The detectors M82 and MSF respectively transmit signals to electronic counters ZSZ and ZSF which transmit signals indicating such numbers of working cycles of the production line during which the machine ZM and FA respectively turn out unsatisfactory plain and filter cigarettes. The signals from the counters ZSZ and ZSF are transmitted to the inputs a and b of an adding or totalizing circuit AS whose output c transmits a signal which is indicative of the sum total of those cycles of machines ZM and FA during which these machines produce defective articles.

The detector MGF transmits signals to a counter ZGF which transmits signals indicating the sum total of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF which leave the machine FA, i.e., the number of cycles during which the production line turns out satisfactory filter cigarettes.

A further signal generating device MGJ is provided to produce signals each of which is indicative of a discrete cycle during operation of the cigarette rod making machine ZM. The signal generating device MGJ includes a disk T] which is directly or indirectly coupled to the main drive shaft 500 of the machine ZM and carries of ring of equidistant protuberances T11 arranged to travel seriatim along a signal generating initiator JJ which transmits to a counter ZJ signals at the frequency at which the protuberances TJl move through the six oclock position, as viewed in FIG. 1. Thus, the counter ZJ can furnish signals which are indicative of the total number of working cycles of the machine ZM during a measured (given) period of time. The initiator JJ may comprise a coil and each of the protuberances TJl may constitute a permanent magnet which induces in the coil an electric charge when it reaches the position in which it is located at a minimum distance from the coil. The number of signals furnished by the initiator JJ is indicative of the total number of working cycles of the machine ZM, irrespective of whether or not a plain cigarette Z? or Z? was produced during a working cycle. Otherwise stated, the number of working cycles which are counted by the counter ZJ equals the number of cycles of production of unsatisfactory cigarettes, plus the number of cycles of production of unsatisfactory cigarettes, plus the number of cycles during which the machine ZM is operating but does not produce any cigarettes. A cycle is considered to constitute that stage of operation taking up an interval of time which is required by the machine ZM to turn out a plain cigarette or by the machine ZM to turn out a filter cigarette.

A further signal generating device MGT is similar to the device MGJ. It also comprises an initiator JT connected to a counter ZT, a disk TT, and a ring of equidistant protruberances TTl which cause the initiator JT to transmit signals at a predetermined frequency, namely, at the frequency which equals the theoretically attainable maximum number of cycles per given period of time. Thus, the number of signals furnished by the initiator JT per hour equals the maximum number of cigarettes which could be turned out by the machine ZM during operation at normal speed. The angular speed of the disk TT is selected in such a way that the frequency of signal transmission to a counter ZT equals the nominal frequency of cycles of the cigarette rod making machine ZM.

The machine ZM is further provided with speed changing devices in the form of pushbuttons T1, T2, T3 which are mounted on a control panel and serve to select the operating speed of the drive means (including the main drive shaft 500) for moving parts of-the machine ZM. The pushbutton T1 is actuated by an operator in order to start the drive means of the machine ZM and to accelerate it to the lower of two speeds within a certain interval of time; the pushbutton T2 is actuated to accelerate the drive means from the lower speed to the higher or normal speed; and the pushbutton T3 is actuated in order to decelerate the drive means to zero speed. The variable-speed motor 42 which is controlled by the pushbuttons T1-T3 is shown in FIG. 2; such motor rotates the main drive shaft 500.

The signals which are generated in response to actuation of the pushbutton T1 or T2 are transmitted to the input a of a logical circuit U known as AND-gate. The input b of the AND-gate U is connected with the initiator JT of the signal generating device MGT, and the output 0 of the AND-gate U is connected with a further counter Z.

The counter ZT is connected with the input b of a dividing or ratio forming circuit QT (hereinafter called divider) which has a second input a connected with the output of the counter Z]. The output c of the divider QT is connected with a recording and indicating device AT which can furnish a preferably written record of the ratio of theoretically possible and actually completed working cycles of the machine ZM within a given period of time. A second ratio forming divider Q] has inputs a and b which are respectively connected with the counters Z] and Z and an output .0 which is connected with a second recording device A].

The output 0 of the totalizer AS is connected with the input a of a divider 08 which has a second inputb connected with the counter ZGF. The output 0 of the divider OS is connected with a third recording device AS. The counter ZGF is further connected with the input a of a divider QG having a second input b connected with the counter ZT. The output c of the divider QG is connected with a recording device AG. The output c of the divider QG is further connected with the input a of a multiplying circuit MGP (hereinafter called multiplier). The input b of the multiplier MGP is connected with an'adjustable source DP of reference signals which are indicative of the total number of theoretically achievable cycles within a predetermined period of time (e.g., within a complete shift). The output 0 of the multiplier M6? is connected with a recording device AP.

The counter ZT is further connected with the input a of a second multiplier MGM having a second input b connected with an adjustable source DM of reference signals which are indicative of the empirically determined average efficiency or output of the production line. The signals from the source DM can be indicative of the ratio of the average length of intervals which are needed for the production of satisfactory filter cigarettes to the theoretically achievable length of intervals for the production of satisfactory filter cigarettes. The output 0 of the multiplier MGM is connected with the input a of a subtracting circuit S (hereinafter called subtractor). The subtractor Shas a second input b connected to the counter ZGF and an output c connected with a further recording device AM. The signal to the device AM is indicative of the difference between signals (minuends) furnished by the multiplier MGM and signals (subtrahends) furnished by the counter'ZGF.

The outputs c of the dividers OT, 0.], Q5, Q6 furnish signals which are indicative of the quotientor ratio of the values represented by signals furnished to the respective inlets a and b. The counter ZT, ZJ, Z, ZSZ, ZSF and ZGF are conventional electronic circuits. The dividers QT, Q1, Q8, QG, the subtractor S and-the multipliers MGM, MGP are conventional electronic circuits which work on the (analogue) principle of measuring or on the (digital) principle of counting. Reference may behad to chapters 10.3.4 to 10.3.11 in the book by K. Steinbuch published 1962. and entitled Taschenbuch der Nachrichtenverarbeitung.

If a computer is available, it suffices to carry out the totalizing, multiplying, dividing and subtracting operations in a given sequence, i.e., to replace the calculating means composed of the totalizing, subtracting, multiplying and dividing circuits of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the important component parts of a cigarette rod making machine ZM which can be utilized in the production line of FIG. 1. This machine is of the. type known as GARANT and is produced by Hauni-Werke, Kc'irber & Co. K.G., of Hamburg-Bergedorf, Western Germany.

Referring first to FIG. 3, there is shown a distributor which forms part of the machine ZM and serves to produce a continuous narrow stream 13 of tobacco shreds. A magazine la receives batches of shredded tobacco from a pneumatic conveyor, not shown, and is flanked at one side by a carded drum 1 which transports a continuous layer of tobacco shreds past a first refuser 2 and thereupon past a second refuser 3. The refuser 2 is a rotary paddle wheel and serves to remove some surplus from the carding of the drum 1. The

, refuser 3 is a rotary carded wheel which removes from the layer on the drum 1 the remainder of surplus tobacco and accumulates a relatively small supply 4 of tobacco shreds in the region downstream of the refuser 2. The supply 4 is scanned by a photoelectric detector 6 which is operatively connected with an adjusting mechanism for the refuser 2 in such a way that the latter moves nearer to the axis of the drum 1 when the quantity of shreds in the supply 4 increases beyond a predetermined value and that the refuser 2 moves away from the axis of the drum 1 when the quantity of shreds in the supply 4 decreases below a predetermined value. Thus, the detector 6 cooperates with the aforementioned adjusting mechanism for the refuser 2 to insure that the supply 4 contains a quantity of tobacco shreds which is always within a predetermined range.

A rapidly driven picker roller 7 expels the tobacco shreds from the carding of the drum 1 in a region downstream of the second refuser 3 and directs the thus removed shreds against a revolving winnower 8 which carries out a separating or classifying action. The heavier shreds (particularly portions of tobacco ribs or stem) are propelled into an intercepting container 11 which is provided with a feed screw 11a for periodic or continuous evacuation of accumulated heavier tobacco particles. .The lighter particles (mainly portions of tobaccoleaf laminae) are showered onto the upper stretch of a wide band 9 which accumulates a carpet or sliver 12 of loose tobacco and showers the leading end of such sliver into a chute 14 whereby the shreds accumulate on the upper stretch of a narrow foraminous belt 16 and form thereon the stream 13 which is transported in a direction at right angles to the plane of FIG. 3. The upper stretch of the belt 16 travels above a per forated plate 17 constituting the top wall of a suction chamber 18 which serves to attract the particles of the stream 13 to the upper stretch of the belt 16.

Referring to FIG. 2, the upper stretch of the belt 16 delivers the tobacco stream 13 into the circumferential groove of a suction wheel 19 which surrounds a stationary suction chamber and includes a foraminous bottom wall for the groove to hold the stream by suction during transport toward and, of necessary, along and beyond a trimming device 21 which converts the stream 13 into a filler 22. A tongue 23 is provided to expel the leader of the filler 22 from the grove of the 26A on its way toward and through an imprinting mechanism 28 and thereupon onto the upper stretch of an endless belt 29. A mechanism 31 drapes the web 26 around the filler 22 during travel with the upper stretch of the belt 29 in such a way that one marginal portion of the web 26 extends tangentially from the filler 22 and is coated with adhesive during transport along a paster 32. The thus coated marginal portion is then caused to overlie the other marginal portion of the resulting tubular wrapper and the seam between the overlapping marginal portions is heated by a plate-like sealer 33 which causes the adhesive to set and to thus complete the conversion of the filler 22 and web 26 into a wrapped cigarette rod 34.

The rod 34 is then transported through a severing device or cutoff 36 which severs the rod at regular intervals to form a single file of plain cigarettes Z? of unit length. Successive plaincigarettes are accelerated by a revolving cam 37 which propels them into the flutes of a revolving transporting drum 38.

The aforementioned main drive shaft 500 of the machine ZM is rotated by the variable-speed electric motor 42 which also serves to drive the movable parts of the filter cigarette making machine FA. The speedchanging devices or pushbuttons T1, T2, T3 are mounted on a control panel of the machine ZM and are operatively connected with the motor 42 to respectively start, accelerate and stop the drive shaft 500 at the will of the operator.

A photoelectric detector 39 is mounted adjacent to the path of the cigarette paper web 26 to detect the splices which are formed by the device 26A whenever the trailing end of a preceding web (26) is to be united with the leading end of a fresh web (26a) which is stored on a fresh bobbin 27a. The detector 39 transmits signals to an ejector having a nozzle 41 located downstream of the cutoff 36 and serving to expel defective plain cigarettes 2? from the path which extends along the accelerating cam 37. The nozzle 41 is connected with a source of compressed air not only in response to generation of signals by the detector 39 but also when the machine ZM is started in response to actuation of the pushbutton T1. Thus, the nozzle 41 automatically expels those plain cigarettes which are produced during acceleration of the main drive shaft 500 from zero speed. This is desirable because cigarettes which are produced during starting are likely to be defective. All such cigarettes which are expelled by streams of air issuing from the nozzle 41 are counted by the signal generating detector MSZ. Thus, the secondary outlet ASZ of the machine ZM is located in the region of the nozzle 41.

FIG. 4 illustrates the details of the filter cigarette making machine FA. This machine is of the type known as MAX and is produced by Hauni-Werke, of Hamburg-Bergedorf, Western Germany.

The transporting drum 38 of the machine ZM is located at the outlet A62 and delivers two rows of circumferentially staggered satisfactory plain cigarettes ZP into the flutes of two aligning conveyors 52 which rotate at different speeds or have different diameters and serve to deliver pairs of axially aligned plain cigarettes into successive flutes of an assembly conveyor 53. The arrangement is such that the plain cigarettes of each pair are separated from each other by a gap having a width which at least slightly exceeds the length of a filter plug of double unit length.

The machine FA further comprises a magazine 54 for storage of filter rod sections of six times unit length. The magazine 54 has an outlet or chute 54a which delivers filter rod sections into successive flutes of a socalled cutting conveyor 56 cooperating with two coaxial axially spaced rotary disk-shaped knives 57 to subdivide each filter rod section of six times unit length into three filter plugs of double unit length. Such filter plugs are transferred into the flutes of three staggering conveyors 58 which stagger two of each three aligned filter plugs in the circumferential direction and deliver the thus staggered filter plugs into successive flutes of a shuffling conveyor 59. The latter cooperates with cams 60 to convert the filter plugs of double unit length into a single row which is transferred onto an intermediate conveyor 61 and thereupon onto an accelerating conveyor 62 serving to introduce a filter plug of double unit length into each flute of the assembly conveyor 53 in such a way that each filter plug is flanked by two plain cigarettes of unit length. Thus, each flute of the conveyor 53 contains a group of three coaxial rodshaped articles including two plain cigarettes of unit length and a filter plug of double unit length. Such groups are caused to travel along or between one or more condensing cams 53a which cause the plain cigarettes to move their inner ends into abutment with the respective ends of the corresponding filter plugs before the thus condensed groups enter the flutes of a transfer conveyor 63 which moves each group past a suction drum 69 serving to attach to each group an adhesive-coated uniting band in such a way that the band adheres to the respective filter plug and to the adjacent inner ends of the corresponding plain cigarettes of unit length. The thus obtained assemblies are then transferred onto a rolling or wrapping conveyor 72 cooperating with a stationary or movable rolling member 73 to convolute the uniting bands around the respective filter plugs and plain cigarettes and to thus convert each assembly into a filter cigarette of double unit length.

The uniting bands are formed by severing a tape 65 of cigarette paper or cork which is being withdrawn from a bobbin 64 and is advanced by two rolls 66, 67 to move-along a paster 68 which coats one of its sides with a suitable adhesive. The thus coated tape 65' then reaches the periphery of the suction drum 69 and is severed at necessary intervals by the blades of a revolving drum-shaped knife 71. The resulting uniting bands are attached to successive groups in the flutes of the transfer conveyor 63.

The filter cigarettes of double unit length which are obtained during travel of assemblies through the gap between the conveyor 72 and rolling member 73 are transferred onto a first testing conveyor 74 which produces signals in response to detection of defective filter cigarettes of double unit length. The thus tested filter cigarettes of double unit length are transferred onto a cutting conveyor 76 which cooperates with a rotary disk-shaped knife to sever each filter cigarette of double unit length midway between its ends so that each such cigarette yields two filter cigarettes ZF of unit length. The resulting two rows of filter cigarettes of unit length are transferred onto an inverting conveyor 77 which inverts the filter cigarettes of one row endfor-end and preferably places the inverted cigarettes into the spaces between successive filter cigarettes of the other row.

The resulting single row of filter cigarettes of unit length is transferred onto an intermediate conveyor 78 which delivers the cigarettes onto a second testing conveyor 79. The latter examines the density of the exposed ends of tobacco fillers in the filter cigarettes and includes means for producing signals in response to detection of defective cigarettes. Such signals (together with the signals from the conveyor 74 which tests the wrappers of filter cigarettes of double unit length for the presence or absence of leaks) are transmitted to the nozzle 83 of an ejector which is adjacent to a transfer conveyor 81 and expels defective filter cigarettes ZF by way of the secondary outlet ASF. This outlet is adjacent to the signal generating device MSF which produces signals in response to ejection of each defective filter cigarette. The satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF are transferred onto an endless conveyor 82 which transports such articles into'storage, to a tray filling machine or to a packing machine, e.g., a machine of the type shown in FIG. 8. Thus, the conveyor 82 transports satisfactory filter cigarettes through the main outlet AGF of the machine FA and such cigarettes cause the device MGF to produce signals which are transmitted to the counter ZGF.

The signal generating device MSZ at the secondary outlet ASZ of the cigarette rod making machine ZM is illustrated in FIG. 5. It comprises a light source 92 and a photosensitive element 93 which is normally exposed to the beam of light issuing from the source 92. Such beam is interrupted by each defective plain cigarette ZP' which is expelled by the ejector nozzle 41 from a channel or guide 91 which defines a straight path for transport of plain cigarettes Z? and 2? from the cutoff 36 toward the flutes of the transporting drum 38. The defective plain cigarettes ZP' accumulate in an intercepting receptacle which is provided with a downwardly flaring inlet and supports the parts 92, 93 of the signal generating device MSZ. As mentioned before, the nozzle 41 ejects plain cigarettes Z? in response to signals from the detector 39 for splices between successive webs 26, 26a of cigarette paper as well as those plain cigarettes which are being produced during acceleration of the main drive shaft 500 from zero speed to a predetermined speed.

FIG. 6 illustrates the details of the signal generating device MSF at the secondary outlet ASF of the filter cigarette making machine FA. The transfer conveyor 81 is a drum having flutes 81a wherein the filter cigarettes are held by suction during transport from the testing conveyor 79 to the conveyor 82. The nozzle83 of the ejector is connected with a source of compresses gas in response to signals from the testing conveyors 74, 79 to cause expulsion of .all defective filter cigarettes ZF' from therespective flutes 81a whereby the defective cigarettes ZF descend in the space between a light source 96 and a photosensitive element 97. The latter transmits to the counter ZSF a signal whenever a defective filter cigarette ZF' interrupts the light beam which issues from the source 96.

The signal generating device MGF at the main outlet AGF of the filter cigarette machine FA is shown in FIG. 7. This device comprises a reflector 101 having a housing for a light source 102, a partly light-transmitting mirror 103 and a lens which focusses the light issuing from the source 102 on the endless conveyor 82 for satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF. Whenever the light beam impinges on'a cigarette ZF in the adjacent cradle of the conveyor 82 (which is shown in the form of a chain conveyor), the light is reflected against a photosensitive element 104 which transmits a signal to the input a of an AND-gate 106. The input b of the AND-gate is connected with the coiled initiator 108 of a timer 107 and the output of this AND-gate is connected with the counter ZGF. The timer 107 has a disk 109 which is driven at the speed of the machine FA and has permanent magnets 109a which cause the coil 108 to transmit signals at intervals which are indicative of the operating speed of the machine FA, i.e., the coil 108 transmits a signal whenever a cradle of the conveyor 82 registers with the reflector 101. The output c of the AND-gate 106 transmits a signal only when its input b receives from the coil 108 a signal simultaneously with transmission of a signal to the input a, i.e., whenever the device MGF detects a satisfactory filter cigarette ZF. Thus, the number of signals which are transmitted by the AND-gate 106 equals the number of satisfactory filter cigarettes which leave the machine FA.

The operation:

The cigarette rod making machine ZM produces plain cigarettes whereby the satisfactory cigarettes 2? enter the filter cigarette making machine FA by way of the main outlet AGZ, as at 38, and the defective plain cigarettes ZP' leave the machine ZM by way of the secondary outlet ASZ in a manner as shown in FIG. 5. The satisfactory plain cigarettes Z? are provided with filter tips of unit length and are discharged by way of the main outlet AGF (satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF) or by way of the secondary outlet ASF (defective filter cigarettes ZF').

The device MGJ produces signals of the first type which are indicative of the number of working cycles of the machine ZM (and hence also of the machine FA because the latter is driven by the motor 42 of FIG. 2). Such signals are produced in response to travel of successive protuberances TJ1 pas the initiator JJ of the device MGJ. The thus produced signals are counted by the counter ZJ.

The total number of signals produced by the detectors MSZ and MSF corresponds to the combined number of defective plain cigarettes 2F and defective filter cigarettes ZF'. The respective signals are counted by the counters ZSZ and ZSF which transmit appropriate signals to the inputs a and b of the totalizer AS. The output c of the totalizer AS furnishes a signal which is indicative of the combined number of defective articles Z? and ZF'.

The detector MGF produces a signal in response to detection of each satisfactory filter cigarette ZF which leaves the machine FA by way of the main outlet AGF, for example, to be admitted into a tray filling device or into a packing machine. Thus, the number of signals furnished by the output 0 of the AND-gate 106 (FIG. 7) of the detector MGF equals the number of those working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF. Such signals are counted by the counter ZGF and are respectively transmitted to the inputs b, a, b of the divider QS, divider QG and'subtractor S.

The device MGT produces signals of a second type which are indicative of the theoretically achievable (maximum) number of working cycles within a predetermined period of time, i.e., of the number of cycles which the production line could complete if the motor 42 were operated at full speed during the entire period of monitoring of the machines ZM and FA. As mentioned before, the disk TT is driven at a constant speed which is equaled by the speed of the disk TJ only when the motor 42 rotates the main drive shaft 500 at the normal or higher speed. The protuberances TTl cause the initiator JT to transmit signals at a constant rate to the counter ZT and to the input b of the AND- gate U.

The signal from the output 0 of the divider QT is indicative of the automatically computed ratio of the number of actually completed cycles (device MGJ and counter ZJ) to the number of theoretically achievable cycles (device MGT and counter ZT). This ratio is thus indicative of the sum of periods of idleness of the machines ZM, FA as well as of the sum of periods during which the machines ZM and FA are operated at less than normal (higher) speed. The signals from the divider QT are transmitted to and recorded by the device AT so that the person who is in charge of evaluating the output of the production line can see at a glance the manner in which the ratio between the number of actually completed cycles and the number of theoretically achievable cycles changes from interval to interval. Such ratio is indicative of the relationship between the theoretically achievable number of filter cigarettes which can be produced within a given period of time and the actual number of completed cycles. Thus, the person who is in charge of examining the record furnished by the device AT can determine the percentage of those (theoretically achievable) cycles which were actually completed by the production line without, however, obtaining information concerning that number of completed cycles which were used for the production of satisfactory and/or unsatisfactory articles. Such information is furnished by the recording device AG.

The output c of the divider QG furnishes a signal which is indicative of the automatically calculated ratio of the number of theoretically achievable working cycles (device MGT and counter ZT) to the number of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF (i.e., to the number of those completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory articles). As mentioned above, such information is recorded by the recording device AG. This ratio is of importance because the person or persons in charge can determine the efficiency of the production line at each stage of the operation (i.e., at each moment within a shift). The ratio recorded by the device AG relates the theoretically achievable number of satisfactory filter cigarettes to the number of actually produced satisfactory filter cigarettes.

The output c of the divider transmits signals which are indicative of the automatically calculated ratio of the number of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF (device MGF and counter ZGF) to the combined number of defective cigarettes ZP' and ZF' (devices MSZ, MSF, counters ZSZ, ZSF and totalizer AS). This ratio is recorded by the device AS and it is also a good indicator of the efficiency of the production line.

The output 0 of the divider QJ transmits to the recording device A] signals which are indicative of the ratio of the number of completed cycles (device MG] and counter 2]) to the number of cycles which could theoretically have been completed while the production line was in actual operation during a given period of time (device MGT, AND-gate U and counter Z). The device MGJ produces a signal in response to completion of each cycle, i.e., it does not discriminate between those cycles which are completed while the machines are being accelerated and those cycles which are completed while the machines operate at normal speed or are being decelerated. The ratio which is recorded by the device A] is thus indicative of the average operating speed of the production line without indicating the periods of idleness. Such ratio is a good indicator of the skill and conscientiousness of attendants.

The signal from the output c of the divider QG to the input a of the multiplier MGP is indicative of the automatically calculated ratio of the number of theoretically achievable cycles to the number of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF within a given period of time. Such ratio is multiplied with a factor (signal from the source DP to the input b of the multiplier MGP) which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles within such period of time (e.g., within a complete shift). The signal from the .output 0 of the multiplier MGP to the recording device AP thus indicates, at each stage of operation within a given shift, whether or not the production line is likely to fulfill the quota, i.e., whether or not the production line is operating with a degree of efficiency which, if maintained during the entire shift, will result in the production of the projected number of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF. This indication is very important because, as a rule, frequent interruptions in operation or frequent malfunctioning of a production line during the first portion or portions of a shift are likely to occur with the same frequency during the remainder of the shift so that the indications which are recorded by the device AP are worthy of repeated observation, especially during the initial periods of a shift, because this leaves ample time to start a second production line in order to make sure that the quota will be fulfilled.

The signal from the output c of the subtractor S is recorded by the device AM and is indicative of the ratio of the number of the produced satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF (device MGF and counter ZGF) to the theoretical number of filter cigarettes which could be produced were the production line operated at an average efficiency (source DM). Thus, the recordings made by the device AM indicate the deviation of actual output from the average output.

The (first) signals which are produced by the devices MGJ, MSZ, MSF and MGF are dependent on (functions of) the operating speed of the machines ZM and FA because the number of signals to counters ZJ, ZSZ, ZSF and ZGF is invariably related to the speed of the main drive shaft 500. Thus, the number of completed working cycles (device MGJ) is obviously dependent on the speed of the shaft 500. Also, the number of satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF (device MGF) is also likely to be higher if the total output is higher, i.e., if the number of completed working cycles is higher due to a higher average speed of the shaft 500. The same normally holds true for the number of defective plain cigarettes 2? (device MSZ) and the number of defective filter cigarettes ZF' (device MSF). For example, if the machine ZM completes a relativelylarge number of working cycles, it consumes more cigarette paper and, therefore, the number of cigarettes which is ejected by the nozzle 41 in response to signals from the detector 39 of FIG. 2 will be higher.

The (second) signals which are produced by the device MGT are a function of the maximum operating speed of the machines ZM and FA because the disk TT is driven at a constant speed which is equaled by the speed of the disk TJ only when the main drive shaft 500 is rotated at the normal or higher speed (pushbutton T2).

The counters ZT, ZJ, ZSZ, ZSF and ZGF can be considered to constitute component parts of the respective signal generating devices MGT, MGJ, MSZ, MSF and MGF. The parts MSZ, MSF, ZSZ, ZSF and AS can be said to constitute a composite signal generating device which furnishes (first) signals indicating the total number of defective products (ZP' and ZF) or the total number of working cycles which resulted in the production of defective products.

Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown a packing machine PM of the type known as KDW and produced by Hauni-Werke, of I-Iamburg-Bergedorf, Western Germany. This machine is designed to turn out pairs of satisfactory filter cigarette packs P (FIG. 9) and com prises a magazine 201 which receives satisfactory filter cigarettes ZF directly from the conveyor 82 of FIGS. 4 and 7 or from a tray filling machine, not shown. The magazine 201 is provided with internal partitions defining vertical ducts, not shown, each of which can store a stack of superimposed filter cigarettes ZF. Two reciprocable transfer devices or pushers (not shown) of conventional design are moved at a controlled speed to alternately or simultaneously expel from the lower part of the magazine 201 blocks or arrays consisting, for example, of 20 filter cigarettes ZF each. The blocks may contain the filter cigarettes in customary formations, namely, two outer layers of seven cigarettes each and a median layer which contains six cigarettes and whose cigarettes are staggered with reference to the cigarettes of the outer layers. Such formations are customary in packs for plain or filter cigarettes. The thus formed arrays or blocks are transported along two paths 202 (only one shown) in the direction indicated by arrow 203 and pass through a single or through two discrete draping apparatus 204 serving to place into the paths of successive blocks prefabricated blanks which may consist of tinfoil. Since the treatment of blocks in each of the two paths is identical, the following description will deal with the formation of packs during transport of blocks of filter cigarettes ZF along one of the paths 202. The illustrated apparatus 204 contains a source of wrapping material and includes means for severing such material to form blanks which are thereupon placed across the path of successive blocks in the illustrated path 202 to be draped around three sides of each block. The apparatus 204 preferably comprises suction-operated devices which place successive tinfoil blanks across the inlet of a mouthpiece through which the blocks pass whereby the blanks are automatically draped around the respective blocks and are partially converted into inner envelopes. The blocks, each of which carries a partially completed inner envelope, are thereupon caused to pass through a first folding unit 206 which carries out further operations in connection with conversion of tinfoil blanks into inner envelopes. As the blocks advance along the path 202, they enter a second draping apparatus 207 containing a magazine for prefabricated blanks consisting of paper or cardboard which are to be converted into the outer envelopes of cigarette packs. The apparatus 207 comprises suction operated rollers or analogous means which move the blanks from the magazine across the path of successive blocks so that the paper or cardboard blanks are draped around the tinfoil blanks. The paper or cardboard blanks are provided with suitable printed matter, such as the name of the manufacturer, the brand name, one or more trademarks, the customary warning, and/or others. The apparatus 207 further comprises a suitable paster which coats selected portions of paper or cardboard blanks with an adhesive to insure that the overlapping portions of the outer envelopes will adhere to each other. The blocks then advance through a second folding unit 208 which completes the conversion of outer blanks into tubes and causes the overlapping marginal portions to adhere to each other. The adherence of marginal portions of outer blanks to each other is insured by a set of brushes 209 which are located downstream of the second folding unit 208. The blocks then enter an apparatus 211 which provides one end of each partially completed pack with a revenue label. The labels are withdrawn from a magazine and are transported along a paster which coats them with adhesive. Suction-operated devices are provided to apply the adhesive-coated labels to the respective ends of partly completed packs.

The partially completed packs, each of which carries a revenue label, are then introduced into the chambers or compartments of a carriage 212 which cooperates with a lever to carry out additional folding and tucking operations at the other end of each pack and to introduce the packs into the lower end of an upright magazine or tower 213. The tower is heated to cause rapid setting of adhesive on the outer blanks of the packs which are moved upwardly in stepwise fashion to leave the magazine 213 at the main outlet AGP while travelling with the upper stretches of endless conveyor belts 214. The means for lifting the packs which leave the compartments of the carriage 212 into the magazine 213 comprises a vertically reciprocable pusher, not shown. At least one folding operation can be carried out during transfer of packs from the compartments onto the pusher and/or during lifting of packs within the confines of the magazine 213.

As mentioned above, the packing machine PM is preferably designed to produce pairs of packs P at a time. Such pairs leave the respective magazines 213 and are transferred onto the upper stretches of the conveyor belts 214.

The main outlet AGP of the packing machine PM is adjacent to a signal generating device or detector MGP the details of which are shown in FIG. 9. This detector scans satisfactory cigarette packs P which leave the machine PM and transmits appropriate signals to a counter ZGF200.

The packing machine PM further comprises a secondary or auxiliary outlet ASP (indicated by broken lines) for unsatisfactory or defective packs. The defective packs are withdrawn from the machine PM by hand and are scanned by a detector or signal generating device MSP which transmits signals to a counter ZSP. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the detector MSP is designed to indirectly detect the defective packs in that it receives signals indicating the number of working cycles completed by the machine PM and signals indicating the number of satisfactory packs P which leave the machine at the main outlet AGP. The secondary outlet ASP can be a single outlet or two or more outlets, depending on the number of locations where the defective packs can be removed from the packing machine. The detector MSP can be said to constitute a subtracting circuit because it determines the number of removed defective packs by subtracting from the number of completed working cycles the number which is indicative of the number of satisfactory packs P leaving the machine at the main outlet AGP. The signals representing the total number of satisfactory packs P are transmitted by the counter ZGF200 to the input b and the signals representing the total number of completed working cycles are transmitted to the input a of the detector MSP from the output of a counter Z] 200. The output 0 of the detector or subtractor MSP is connected with the input of the counter ZSP. It will be noted that all such components of the structure shown in FIG. 8 which are identical with or clearly analogous to the corresponding components of the structure shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by similar reference characters plus 200.

The packing machine PM includes an electric motor (not specifically shown) which can be driven at two speeds and is controlled by three speed-changing devices or pushbuttons including a starter pushbutton T201 which is actuated (depressed) to accelerate the machine PM from zero speed to a lower speed, an accelerating pushbutton T202 which is actuated to accelerate the machine from the lower speed to a higher speed, and an arresting pushbutton T203 which is actuated to decelerate the machine PM to zero speed. The main drive shaft ofthe packing machine PM is rotated by the just discussed motor and is connected with the disk T1200 of a signal generating device MGJ200 which produces a signal in response to completion of each working cycle. The device MGJ further comprises an initiator JJ 200 which transmits signals to the counter ZJ200 and a ring of permanent magnets TJ201 which travel past the initiator .II 200 to cause the generation of signals at the rate which corresponds to operating speed of the machine PM. The device MGJ200 corresponds to the signal generating device MGJ of FIG. 1.

The details of the signal generating device or detector MGP at the main outlet AGP of the packing machine PM are illustrated in FIG. 9. This detector comprises a microswitch 261 which is mounted on a reciprocable transfer member or pusher 263 and is movable therewith in directions indicated by a doubleheaded arrow 262. The movable contact 261a of the microswitch 261 is depressed so that the latter produces a signal which is transmitted to the counter Z6F200 whenever the pusher 263 carries out a forward (rightward) stroke to transfer the uppermost satisfactory pack or packs P from the upper end of the magazine 213 onto the upper stretches of the conveyors 214.

The operation of the packing machine PM is as follows:

It is assumed that the machine PM operates normally and that the pusher 263 transfers satisfactory packs P onto the upper stretches of the conveyors 214 for transport into a carton filling machine, into a baling machine or into storage. The device MGJ200 produces signals at the rate at which the machine PM completes successive working cycles and such signals are transmitted by the initiator JJ200 to the counter ZJ200. The output c of the detector or subtractor MSP furnishes to the counter ZSP signals at the rate at which defective packs are being removed from the machine PM. The counter Z6F200 receives a signal whenever the detector MGP detects one or two satisfactory packs P on the conveyors 214. The signal generating device M6T200 is analogous to the signal generating device MGT of FIG. 1 and its initiator JT200 produces signals at the rate corresponding to the theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles which could be completed by the machine PM. Such signals are transmitted to the counter ZT200 and to the input b of an AND-gate U200.

The inputs a and b of the divider QT200 are respectively connected with the counters ZT200 and ZJ200, and its output c is connected with a recording device AT200. The recordings made by the device AT200 are indicative of the ratio of the theoretically achievable number of completed working cycles within any measured period of time (device MGT200 and counter ZT200) to the number of actually completed cycles within the same period of time (device M61200 and counter ZJ200). This ratio is obtained by full consideration of the intervals of idleness of the machine PM within the measured period of time. The recordings made by the device AT200 can be evaluated by supervisory personnel to point out the relationship between the theoretically obtainable number of packs within a given period of time and the number of packs which could be produced if the machine PM were operated at an average speed.

The divider Q6200 has inputs and b which are respectively connected with the counters Z6F200 and ZT200 and its output c transmits to the recording device A6200 signals which are indicative of the ratio of theoretically obtainable number of satisfactory packs (device MGT200 and counter ZT200) to the number of satisfactory packs P which leave the machine PM by way of the main outlet AGP.

The inputs a and b of the divider Q8200 are respectively connected with the counters ZSP and ZGF200, and its output 0 transmits to the recording device AS200 signals which are indicative of the ratio of the number of defective packs (device MSP and counter ZSP) to the number of satisfactory packs (device MGP and counter Z6F200). Thus, the recordings made by the device AS200 are indicative of the percentages of satisfactory and unsatisfactory packs in the total output of the machine PM during any given period of time.

The divider QJ200 has inputs 0 and b which are respectively connected with the counters Z200 and 21200. The output c of the divider QJ200 transmits to the recording device A1200 signals which are indicative of the ratio of the number of actually completed cycles within a predetermined period of time to the number of theoretically achievable cycles within the same period of time. Since the device MGJ200 produces signals only when the motor for the main drive shaft of the machine PM is running, the ratio which is recorded by the device AJ200 is indicative of the average operating speed of the packing machine within the measured period of time.

The signal from the output 0 of the divider Q6200 is transmitted to the input a of the multiplier M6P200 having a second input b which receives a signal from the source DP200. The latter signal is indicative of the number of cycles which can be completed within a given period of time. The device AP200 records information which is indicative of the probability or lack of probability that the machine will fulfill the quota within the predetermined period of time. The matter which is recorded by the device AP200 is an early indicator of the probability or lack of probability that the quota will be fulfilled. This renders it possible to set up a second packing machine in order to make sure that, when operating simultaneously, the two machines will turn out the desired number of packs if such number cannot be achieved with a single machine.

The output signal from the subtractor S200, which is connected with the counter ZGF200 and multiplier MGM200, is transmitted to the recording device AM200. The recording is indicative of the ratio of the number of completed satisfactory packs P to the number of packs which would be expected to be produced based on the average output of the machine PM (signal from the source DM200). Thus, the person in charge can determine, whenever desired, whether or not the actual output is above or below the anticipated average output. The arrangement can be such that the device AM200 furnishes information in the form of discrete numbers representing the difference between the number of completed satisfactory packs and the anticipated number of packs based on an average efficiency of the packing machine. The recording devices AT200, AJ200, AS200, AP200, A6200 and AM200 furnish readings at any given instant within the desired period of time, e.g., within a complete shift. The same holds true for the recording devices shown in FIG. 1.

An important advantage of the monitoring apparatus of H68. 1 and 8 is that the supervisory personnel can determine, at any desired moment while the machine or machines are in use or are supposed to be in use, whether or not the machine or machines can fulfill the quota, the difference between the anticipated total output and the desired total output, the difference between the actual output within an elapsed period of time and the anticipated output within the same period of time, and also the location and causes of malfunctioning of one or more parts in a single machine or in a group of machines. For example, if the percentage of defective filter cigarettes ZF' leaving the machine FA of FIG. 1 by way of the secondary outlet ASF is unexpectedly high whereas the percentage of unsatisfactory plain cigarettes ZP' leaving the secondary ASZ of the machine ZM of FIG. 1 is as expected or even less, the persons in charge will know that the causes for a lowerthan-expected output of satisfactory packs P are more likely to be found in the machine FA.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features which fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of my contribution to the art and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

1. A method of evaluating the output of one or more machines which are employed for the production and/or processing of satisfactory and unsatisfactory smokers products and which are operated at a plurality of speeds including zero speed to complete a series of working cycles within intervals whose length is a function of the operating speed, comprising a first step of producing at least one first signal which is a function of the operating speed of at least one machine during successive portions of a given period; a second step of producing at least one second signal which is a function of the maximum operating speed of such machine; and a further step of utilizing said signals for at least one computing operation.

2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the average length of said intervals within said given period and said second signal is indicative of the shortest intervals required for completion of working cycles while the machine is operated at the highest of said plurality of speeds.

3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles within said given period.

4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products within said given period.

5. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products within said given period.

6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said computing operation comprises automatically calculating a ratio of said first and second signals.

7. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first step comprises producing a plurality of first signals one of which is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and another of which is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products, said further step comprising establishing a ratio of said first signals.

8. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles and said second signal is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of completed cycles within said given period, said further step comprising automatically calculating a ratio of said first and second signals.

9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and said further step comprises automatically calculating a ratio of said first signal to said second signal and multiplying said ratio with a factor which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles within said given period.

10. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products, said further step comprising automatically multiplying said second signal with a factor which is indicative of the average efficiency of the machine and subtracting said first signal from the thus multiplied second signal.

l 1. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the sum of satisfactory products which are produced during said given period.

12. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the sum of unsatisfactory products which are produced during said given period.

13. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the sum of completed cycles within said given period.

14. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of one of the sums including the total number of satisfactory products produced within said given period, the total number of unsatisfactory products produced within said givenperiod and the total number of working cycles completed within said given period, said first signal being the sum of signals each of which represents the length of an interval required for completion of a working cycle.

15. A method as defined in claim 1, comprising the additional step of automatically recording the result of said computing operation.

16. In a structure of the character indicated, a combination comprising at least one machine for the production and/or processing of smokers products, said machine including drive means operable at a plurality of speeds including zero speed and said machine being arranged to turn out satisfactory and unsatisfactory products in response to completion of successive working cycles each of which takes up an interval of time whose length is a function of the speed of said drive means; first signal generating means including at least one signal generating device arranged to produce within a given period a first signal as a function of the speed of said drive means; second signal generating means arranged to produce a second signal which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles within said given period; and calculating means for utilizing said signals to carry out at least one automatic computing operation.

17. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles 21 within said given period and said first signal is indicative of such number.

18. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and said first signal is indicative of such number.

19. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products and said first signal is indicative of such number.

20. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said calculating means comprises dividing means for computing the ratio of said signals.

21. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one signal generating device comprises means for producing a signal which is indicative of the sum of satisfactory products which are produced within said given period and said first signal generating means further comprises a second signal generating device having means for producing a signal which is indicative of the sum of unsatisfactory products which are produced within said given period, said calculating means comprising dividing means for computing a ratio of signals from said first and second devices.

22. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said calculating means comprises dividing means having a first input for said first signal, a second input for said second signal, and an output for a third signal which is indicative of the automatically computed ratio of said first and second signals.

23. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products within said given period and said first signal is indicative of such number, said second signal being indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles within said given period, said calculating means comprising dividing means for automatically computing a third signal which is indicative of the ratio of said first and second signals and multiplying means for automatically multiplying said third signal with a factor which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles which can be completed within successive elapsed portions of said given period.

24. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said second signal is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles within said given period and said calculating means comprises multiplying means for automatically multiplying said second signal with a factor which is indicative of the average efficiency of the machine and for producing a third signal which is indicative of the product of said factor and said second signal, and subtracting means for automatically subtracting said first signal from said third signal, said first signal being indicative of the sum of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products.

25. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein at least one of said signal generating devices comprises a counter for the number of said cycles.

26. A combination as defined in claim 16, further comprising means for automatically recording the result of said computing operation. 

1. A method of evaluating the output of one or more machines which are employed for the production and/or processing of satisfactory and unsatisfactory smokers'' products and which are operated at a plurality of speeds including zero speed to complete a series of working cycles within intervals whose length is a function of the operating speed, comprising a first step of producing at least one first signal which is a function of the operating speed of at least one machine during successive portions of a given period; a second step of producing at least one second signal which is a function of the maximum operating speed of such machine; and a further step of utilizing said signals for at least one computing operation.
 1. A method of evaluating the output of one or more machines which are employed for the production and/or processing of satisfactory and unsatisfactory smokers'' products and which are operated at a plurality of speeds including zero speed to complete a series of working cycles within intervals whose length is a function of the operating speed, comprising a first step of producing at least one first signal which is a function of the operating speed of at least one machine during successive portions of a given period; a second step of producing at least one second signal which is a function of the maximum operating speed of such machine; and a further step of utilizing said signals for at least one computing operation.
 2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the average length of said intervals within said given period and said second signal is indicative of the shortest intervals required for completion of working cycles while the machine is operated at the highest of said plurality of speeds.
 3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles within said given period.
 4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products within said given period.
 5. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products within said given period.
 6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said computing operation comprises automatically calculating a ratio of said first and second signals.
 7. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first step comprises producing a plurality of first signals one of which is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and another of which is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products, said further step comprising establishing a ratio of said first signals.
 8. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles and said second signal is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of completed cycles within said given period, said further step comprising automatically calculating a ratio of said first and second signals.
 9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and said further step comprises automatically calculating a ratio of said first signal to said second signal and multiplying said ratio with a factor which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles within said given period.
 10. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the total number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products, said further step comprising automatically multiplying said second signal with a factor which is indicative of the average efficiency of the machine and subtracting said first signal from the thus multiplied second signal.
 11. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the sum of satisfactory products which are produced during said given period.
 12. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of The sum of unsatisfactory products which are produced during said given period.
 13. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of the sum of completed cycles within said given period.
 14. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said first signal is indicative of one of the sums including the total number of satisfactory products produced within said given period, the total number of unsatisfactory products produced within said given period and the total number of working cycles completed within said given period, said first signal being the sum of signals each of which represents the length of an interval required for completion of a working cycle.
 15. A method as defined in claim 1, comprising the additional step of automatically recording the result of said computing operation.
 16. In a structure of the character indicated, a combination comprising at least one machine for the production and/or processing of smokers'' products, said machine including drive means operable at a plurality of speeds including zero speed and said machine being arranged to turn out satisfactory and unsatisfactory products in response to completion of successive working cycles each of which takes up an interval of time whose length is a function of the speed of said drive means; first signal generating means including at least one signal generating device arranged to produce within a given period a first signal as a function of the speed of said drive means; second signal generating means arranged to produce a second signal which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles within said given period; and calculating means for utilizing said signals to carry out at least one automatic computing operation.
 17. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles within said given period and said first signal is indicative of such number.
 18. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products and said first signal is indicative of such number.
 19. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of completed working cycles which resulted in the production of unsatisfactory products and said first signal is indicative of such number.
 20. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said calculating means comprises dividing means for computing the ratio of said signals.
 21. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one signal generating device comprises means for producing a signal which is indicative of the sum of satisfactory products which are produced within said given period and said first signal generating means further comprises a second signal generating device having means for producing a signal which is indicative of the sum of unsatisfactory products which are produced within said given period, said calculating means comprising dividing means for computing a ratio of signals from said first and second devices.
 22. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said calculating means comprises dividing means having a first input for said first signal, a second input for said second signal, and an output for a third signal which is indicative of the automatically computed ratio of said first and second signals.
 23. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said one signal generating device comprises means for counting the number of working cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products within said given period and said first signal is indicative of such number, said second signal being indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of working cycles within said given period, said calculating means comprising dividing means for autoMatically computing a third signal which is indicative of the ratio of said first and second signals and multiplying means for automatically multiplying said third signal with a factor which is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles which can be completed within successive elapsed portions of said given period.
 24. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein said second signal is indicative of the theoretically achievable maximum number of cycles within said given period and said calculating means comprises multiplying means for automatically multiplying said second signal with a factor which is indicative of the average efficiency of the machine and for producing a third signal which is indicative of the product of said factor and said second signal, and subtracting means for automatically subtracting said first signal from said third signal, said first signal being indicative of the sum of completed cycles which resulted in the production of satisfactory products.
 25. A combination as defined in claim 16, wherein at least one of said signal generating devices comprises a counter for the number of said cycles. 